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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile, and are often added to coffee blends to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world with 75% of global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta and are available in a variety of flavours. The aroma and taste of coffee beans gift set can be affected by the conditions in which it is grown as well as the methods of processing used.

The word 'coffee' actually comes from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became energy-rich after eating these berries, and that the cultivation of coffee soon began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes and thrive with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is believed to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops concentrate on using ethically-sourced arabica beans and light roast coffee beans focusing on fair pay for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees, which can be used in different brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee. It is typically preferred to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most sought-after type of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica and may grow in less favorable environments. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cheaper crop to cultivate.

Although it might sound odd, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's likely there's some robusta in there as well.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans but the majority do a mix of the two varieties to cut costs and ensure the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select the highest quality beans from a trusted source. The best way to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football that makes them different from other coffee beans. They have a scent that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often paired with other coffee bean varieties to add a fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. You can purchase the seeds from various sources. However, it's ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to guarantee quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils that have a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was previously classified as a separate species, but it has since been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are ovals that grow on 20 to 30 feet coffee plants at medium altitudes. They have a unique taste that is both fruity and tart and makes them a popular selection in blends for house. They are also less pronounced in flavor and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta however they still have an unusual quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans shop beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta despite being the fourth most popular. They were actually thought to be a different coffee plant species up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans have the shape of teardrops and are dark and mysterious in taste. They are typically used to give blends additional body and a rich tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. If they are brewed correctly and light Roast coffee beans properly, they can have notes like chocolate coffee beans, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee worldwide, and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed globally. These beans are smaller and more round but they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody flavor.

After learning about the four most popular varieties, it's now time to select the best coffee beans brew. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor pick an arabica, or a blend consisting of robusta and arabica beans.