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proxy, also known as a proxy is commonly referred to for its role as a proxy server a software that sits as a mediator between server and client on the internet. Without a proxy, a user could send a request for any source directly through the server and then the server would provide an item directly for the requester. This method is simple to understand and use, however, the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages in terms of increased speed, privacy and security, and many more. Apart from adding a layer of protection, a proxy acts as a gatekeeper to the internet, separating clients and servers.

It is generally accepted that the combined package of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is also often referred as proxy servers. In this article, we will examine proxies commonly categorized as software, and in the context of web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two main types of proxies, which are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own unique usage situation, and is frequently confused due to the overlap in naming convention.

This article will give you the knowledge of what proxies and subtypes are as well as the ways they are useful in a range of configurations. Through this article, you'll be able discern the scenarios where it is beneficial to use a proxy and make the right option between reverse and forward proxy depending on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, also known in the form of an open proxy serves as an agent for a user trying to connect via the internet to an source server. In this case, every attempt to send a request by the client will be routed through an forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the client's stead is able to examine the request. It will first determine whether the client is authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it'll either reject requests or redirect them to the source server. It's not able to directly connect directly to internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy permits the forward proxy to connect.

A typical use of forward proxy is the requirement for greater privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet as a client during this way, it assigns an alternative IP address to the client's IP address.

Based on the way it has been configured based on the method it was set up forward proxy can provide a variety of functions, allowing you to:

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  Do not click on ads that track you.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify restrictions based upon your geolocation.
  
  

Forward proxies are also employed in systems to give central security as well as access permissions, for instance in a workplace. The entire internet can go via an open forward proxy. administrators are able to grant access to a specific group of users to the internet. This is blocked by the typical firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls on this layer of client, which may be used by several computers with different settings and users. A firewall may be placed at this forward proxy layer.

Take note that forward proxy servers must be set up manually for the use of them, but reverse proxy servers will not be noticed by users. Depending on whether your IP address a client is sent to the origin server via forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept in the dark.

There are a variety of possibilities to think about when considering forward proxies.

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  Apache: A popular open-source webserver that provides forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open source web server with forward proxy functionality.
  
  
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  Squid: An open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not part of the complete web server. There is a step-bystep guide for setting up Squid proxy to allow secure connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP, making it more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to look into how you can install the Dante proxy that allows private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy is an intermediary between a web server, handling incoming requests from clients in its place. The server could function as a single server or as a set of servers. Additionally, it can contain an application server such as Gunicorn. In any case it is possible to receive a request from a customer via the internet in general. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the server hosting the information the customer is seeking. Instead, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary that blocks your server from communications with the web's public.

From a consumer's point view that is from a user's perspective, interacting using reverse proxy is not different from interacting with the server in its own. It's basically the same as Web server and user is unable discern the distinction. Clients can request the resource and receive it, without any additional configuration needed from the user.

Reverse proxies grant features like:

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  Security centralized to web server.
  
  
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  Directing incoming traffic based on rules you can make.
  
  
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  Added functionality for caching.
  
  

While centralized security is an advantage for both forward and reverse proxy systems, reverse proxies perform this for only the layer of web servers but not the layer of clients. instead of having firewalls installed at the web servers, which could contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security is located on that layer called reverse proxy. Furthermore, removing the obligation of interfacing with a firewall and responding to requests from clients without web servers lets them concentrate on providing the needs of their clients.

In the event of multiple servers hosting through reverse proxy the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests go on which server. Multiple servers may be providing the exact same service, but having different resources, or a combination of the two. They can use the HTTP protocol similar to a traditional web server, but they can also be equipped with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to redirect users to specific servers based on the requested resource or to follow certain guidelines for traffic load.

Reverse proxy solutions can benefit from placing them on the web servers with caching functionality. Large static assets can be configured by caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with each request. Some solutions even allowing the server to serve static files directly without having to connect to a web server at all. Furthermore the reverse proxy can be used to manage compression of these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a popular reverse proxy service. It is certain that Apache web server does have reverse proxy function, it's an additional option for Apache as opposed to Nginx was initially designed and focused on reverse proxy capabilities.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases

Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with the perception of directionality, and inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These terms can be confusing since both types of proxies manage both requests and replies. An alternative approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the requirements of the application you're creating.

Reverse proxy is an essential feature when building an application that can deliver web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers for any interaction on the internet.

Forward proxy applications are useful when they are displayed in front of clients for personal use, or even in a working environment. They are a representation of your client's traffic when you interact with the internet.

A case-based approach to differentiation instead of focusing solely on the most common names will help you not become confused.

Conclusion

The article outlined what is a "proxy" is with the two most common kinds of them being reverse and forward proxies. Practical applications and a review of beneficial features were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're looking for ways to implement proxies you should read our guide on how to configure Nginx as a webserver and reverse proxy to Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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