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proxy, also referred to as proxy, also referred to as proxy or proxy server a server software that acts acting as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. In the absence of an intermediary users would make a request to purchase an item directly to a server, and servers would then serve the item directly to the user. Although this approach is simple to grasp and implement, proxies can provide advantages such as increased performance, privacy, security and more. A proxy that is a pass-through layer serves as a security barrier on the internet between clients and servers.

In general generally speaking, the bundle of server hardware and proxy software is often referred too as a proxy server. But, this article will focus on proxy servers which are usually referred to as software, and ones that work together with web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two types of proxy servers, which are the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each type has its own unique usage scenario, which is frequently misunderstood due to the identical terminology.

This article will provide you with an idea of the different types of proxy services and the subtypes are, as being able to explain how they can be useful in the common configurations. In this article, you can identify the situations in which you can benefit from a proxy, and identify the most suitable option in between forward and reverse proxy for any particular situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, also known as an open proxy is an agent used by users who want to send a request through the internet to an the server that originated it. In this situation, it's the scenario that all requests sent by the user would prefer to be sent straight to the forward proxy. This forward proxy in the position of the customer, will review the request. In the beginning, it will determine whether the client is able to handle requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either refuse requests or redirect it to the server that originated it. The client does not have direct access to the internet It can only access what the forward proxy allows the client access.

The most popular reason for using forward proxy services is to gain greater privacy or anonymity on the internet. Forward proxy allows you to access the internet in place of clients, and in the process, it uses an alternative IP address to the IP address that was originally that the client uses.

Based on how it was set up according to how it was configured forward proxy can offer you a range of functions in addition to the capability to:

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  Stay clear of tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify limitations based on your geographic location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also employed in systems that provide central security as well as access to users based on their permissions, for instance at work. In the event that all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer an administrator is able to restrict access to certain users to the internet. The web is then filtered by a typical firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer, which can comprise a range of devices that are different in terms of user and environment A firewall can be set up at an intermediate layer.

Be aware that forward proxies need to be manually setup before they are able to be used in order to be used in a reverse proxy, whereas forward proxy's are able to be seen by users. Depending on whether your IP address a user is sent to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept in the dark.

There are a variety of possibilities to consider when it comes to forward proxy options:

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  Apache An open source, well-known web server that provides forward proxy functionality.
  
  
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  Nginx is another well-known open-source server for hosting websites with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not an entire Web server. Read our tutorial on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to allow it to be more suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. You may also want to examine how you can configure Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. The web server can be one server or several servers. It could also represent an application servers, like Gunicorn. In any of these situations the request for an application comes from a user on the internet in general. Most of the time, the request will go directly to the server that hosts the data the client is seeking. In contrast, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary in order to shield Web server from any direct interaction with the internet's open.

From the point of view of the user that is a person's perspective, working using reverse proxy is anything different than working with a Web server in direct communication. It works the same as the web server and the client is unable tell the difference. The client is able to request the resource, and is then provided with it without any additional configuration on the part of the user.

Reverse proxies grant features such as:

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  Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic coming in based on rules you set.
  
  
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  Added functionality for caching.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxies do this for only the layer of web servers, and not to the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls within the web server layer that can include multiple servers that are configured differently the majority of the firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the detachment of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients via web servers allows them to concentrate on delivering the needs of their customers.

If there are multiple servers that are running via a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy can be also responsible for the direction in which requests are routed through which server. There could be multiple web servers that are serving identical resources, however each offering different types of services or a mixture of both. These servers may be running an HTTP protocol to operate as a standard internet server, but they also incorporate protocols for applications such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to direct visitors to a specific servers based on the kind of resource they are looking for, or to follow certain guidelines regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also make use of their position before web servers through the capability of caching. Large static assets are able to be configured using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit on every request. There are solutions offering the possibility of providing static files directly without connecting with the server on any manner. In addition, reverse proxy will manage the compressing these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is a well-known reverse proxy choice. While Apache has a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server also comes equipped with reverse proxy feature, which is a distinct option of Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and focused on the reverse proxy feature.

The distinction between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases

Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, they can also lead to inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic. They could be confusing since both types of proxy are able to manage requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method of separating reverse and forward proxies is to examine the needs of the application you're creating.

A reverse proxy can be beneficial when creating an approach to connect web-based applications to the internet. They function as servers when you interact using the internet.

Forward proxy is useful when it is put before the user for personal use or in a work setting. They serve as the proxy for your client when you use the internet.

Distinguishing by use case instead of focusing on similar naming conventions will make sure that you do not get confused.

Conclusion

This article explains what a proxy is along with two kinds, specifically the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of beneficial features were used to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in learning more about how to implement proxy services, be sure to read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as web server as well as reverse proxy within Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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